Morphological and molecular characteristics of Donax incarnatus (Bivalvia: Donacidae) from Badur Beach, Madura Island, Indonesia based on the COX1 gene

Abstract. Wijaya CB, Ambarwati R, Rahayu DA. 2023. Morphological and molecular characteristics of Donax incarnatus (Bivalvia: Donacidae) from Badur Beach, Madura Island, Indonesia based on the COX1 gene. Biodiversitas 24: 2805-2813. Donacidae, a family marine bivalve mollusks, has high diversity morphological traits, including shape color pattern variations. However, these variations often led to errors in identification, necessitating use identification methods for accurate species support. This study aims analyze Gmelin, 1791 collected Beach Sumenep District, East Java Province, Indonesia, using gene as marker. characterization was conducted through qualitative quantitative observations, while sequencing results were analyzed bioinformatics software. The showed that exterior D. three variations, namely purple-black (OQ692130.1), yellowish orange (OQ692131.1), white (OQ692132.1). Molecular indicated similarity value with ranged 96.06% 99.61%. At same time, alignment all samples reference outgroups obtained five nucleotide bases. average genetic distance between group 0.01. phylogenetic tree Neighbor-Joining (NJ) Maximum Likelihood (ML)methods categorized into two subclusters: Thailand sample placed cluster.